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The First Summer Blockbuster

State of the art special effects, little attention paid to plot - what's changed over the past 120 years?

A Trip to the Moon (Le Voyage dans la Lune) (1902) dir. Georges Méliès

Méliès didn’t consider this his best film (he was partial to his epic historical drama Humanity Through the Ages which has unfortunately been lost) but he couldn’t deny it became his most iconic. The rocket ship hitting the moon in the eye has shown up in many contexts; people of a certain age probably first encountered it in the Smashing Pumpkins video for “Tonight”. It’s but one of the many visual delights in this short but let’s take a moment to try and see its novelty anew.

First, there’s the whimsical construction of a literal Man in the Moon, a textured costume head with a live performer’s face poking through. The surface has a spongey quality – after all, we’re in the days when the moon was made of cheese for all we knew – and even spurts some goo when a rocket collides with it. Collides not just anywhere, but right in the Man’s friggin eye, the most visceral place for a viewer to relate to (I don’t think it’s a coincidence that both this and fellow iconic silent short “Un Chein Andalou” contain famous eye trauma). Coming up with one of the most famous moving images when there’s not all that many floating around* is nice, but when that image lasts in the public consciousness over a century later, you’ve burrowed quite a deep crater in peoples’ heads.

My personal favorite effect in the film has always been the disappearances via jump cut and a puff of smoke. Again, Méliès works a step ahead, probably drawing on his live theatrical background, when he adds the extra detail of the smoke. The smoke distracts from the mismatched elements of the cut and more importantly frames the cut as part of a deliberate effect, not a mechanical error.

The biggest legacy of this short is its idea of film as its own kind of spectacle, rather than a literal recording of events captured before the lens. There’s been a few stops along the way, but the notion of special effects integrating into the story continues to thrive. Blockbusters as a species may be in a fallow period of creativity at the moment (why am I being corralled into Jurassic World 4?), but all it will take is another rocket to the audience’s eyeball to launch imaginations again.

* Actually, “A Trip to the Moon” fell into obscurity for a number of years before rediscovery, so it’s very possible more people are familiar with it today than even the cinephiles of the 1920s.